Russia is crippled in its defeat.ħ Key Figures of the French Revolution Lenin, the Bolsheviks and Rise of the Soviet Union A champion of the arts, her 30-plus-year rule also extends Russia’s borders.ġ853-1856: Stemming from Russian pressure on Turkey and religious tensions, the Ottoman Empire, along with British and French forces, fights Russia and Czar Nicholas I in the Crimean War. With his introduction of Western European culture, Russia becomes a world power.ġ762: Russia’s longest-ruling female leader, Catherine II, or Catherine the Great, takes power in a bloodless coup and her reign marks Russia’s era of enlightenment. Petersburg, modernizing the military (and founding the Russian navy) and reorganizing the government. The Romanov dynasty will rule Russia for three centuries.ġ689-1725: Peter the Great rules until his death, building a new capital in St. Romanov Dynastyġ613: After several years of unrest, famine, civil war and invasions, Mikhail Romanov is coronated as czar at age 16, ending a long period of instability. The grandson of Ivan the Great expands the Muscovite territory into Siberia, while instituting a reign of terror against nobility using military rule. 1547-1584: Ivan IV-or Ivan the Terrible-becomes the first czar of Russia.
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